| Appearance | Oval-shaped seeds, brown to dark brown color, hard texture |
| Odor | Slightly bitter, characteristic, herbal aroma |
| Taste | Bitter and pungent |
| Particle Size | Whole seeds, typically 10-15 mm in diameter |
| Loss on Drying | ≤ 8% |
| Ash Content | ≤ 5% |
| Bulk Density | 0.6 – 0.8 g/cm³ |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water, soluble in oils |
| Moisture Content | ≤ 10% |
| Oil Content | 40-50% (dependent on the variety and extraction method) |
| Heavy Metals | Lead (Pb) ≤ 10 ppm, Arsenic (As) ≤ 2 ppm |
| Microbial Limits | Total Plate Count ≤ 1,000 cfu/g |
| Pesticide Residues | Within acceptable limits as per regulations |
| Purity | ≥ 98% clean, no foreign matter or debris |