| Appearance | Small, oval-shaped seeds, light to dark beige or black color |
| Odor | Mild, nutty aroma |
| Taste | Nutty, slightly sweet |
| Particle Size | Whole seeds, typically 1-2 mm in diameter |
| Loss on Drying | ≤ 7% |
| Ash Content | ≤ 5% |
| Bulk Density | 0.7 – 1.0 g/cm³ |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water, soluble in oils |
| Moisture Content | ≤ 6% |
| Oil Content | 45-55% (depending on variety) |
| Heavy Metals | Lead (Pb) ≤ 10 ppm, Arsenic (As) ≤ 1 ppm |
| Microbial Limits | Total Plate Count ≤ 10,000 cfu/g |
| Pesticide Residues | Within acceptable limits as per regulations |
| Purity | ≥ 98% clean, no foreign matter or debris |